Multi-fidelity shape optimization methodology for pedestrian-level wind environment

In this study, a multi-fidelity shape optimization framework is proposed for the pedestrian-level wind environment (PLWE). framework, low-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models based on steady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) and high-fidelity CFD large-eddy simulation (LES) are efficiently integrated into process to improve reliability while maintaining its speed in an affordable range practical engineering applications. The solver coupled with approximation model generated by samples obtained using design of experiments (DOE) technique. optimal candidates then evaluated according degree improvement objective function compared reference case. If shows significant deviations between models, suitable corrections modifications applied process. applicability method was investigated terms minimizing high-wind-speed area, as objective, around high-rise building considering (a) uniform urban blocks (b) real different frequency distributions directions associated two local climates. summary, reduction critical strong-wind area target realized framework. Furthermore, application highlighted importance climate architectural design.